The hanging plate, known in the Biak language as ben bepon, is an important cultural symbol for the people of Papua, particularly the Biak and Serui tribes. Although it is not a native Papuan product, the hanging plate has a long and rich history as a result of the interaction between Chinese traders and the Papuan people centuries ago. This plate is more than just a dining utensil; it is a symbol of cultural ties, wealth, and respect in the life of the Biak people.
Origin and History of the Hanging Plate
In the past, Chinese traders traveled through eastern Indonesia, including Papua, along trade routes that crossed the Sultanate of Tidore to Cenderawasih Bay. They brought various goods, including ceramic plates, which later became known as hanging plates. These plates were not merely trade items; they became an integral part of a tradition closely tied to the social life of the Biak people. In some cases, Chinese traders even settled in Papua and married the daughters of local tribal leaders. As a symbol of bond and respect, they gave hanging plates to the bride’s family, which then became part of the customs and traditions of the community.
Meaning and Function of the Hanging Plate in Biak Society
The hanging plate holds deep and diverse meanings in the social and cultural life of the Biak people. One of its main functions is as a dowry in the traditional Biak wedding ceremony. This plate becomes a symbol of respect from the male side to the female family. Additionally, the hanging plate is used in various other traditional ceremonies, such as the welcoming of distinguished guests, the hair-cutting ceremony for newborn babies, and purification rituals. This symbolic function makes the hanging plate more than just an art object, but also an essential part of rituals and beliefs in the community.
Symbol of Social Status and Wealth
Owning hanging plates also carries a strong social meaning. The more numerous and antique the plates, the higher the social status of the owner. The greater the variety and rarity of the plates owned, the higher the social position of the owner in the community. Therefore, owning a collection of valuable hanging plates not only reflects material wealth but also signifies a respected position in the social structure of the customs.
Motifs and Uniqueness of the Hanging Plate
The hanging plate is valued not only for its historical and functional significance but also for its beauty and the richness of the motifs on each plate. These plates are usually adorned with images that are rich in meaning, such as dragons, birds of paradise, fish, and various other ornaments. The dragon, which is a symbol of luck in Chinese culture, was adopted by the Biak people and is considered a protector and bringer of good fortune to its owner.
Ararem Tradition: Dowry Delivery Ritual
One of the traditions involving the hanging plate is ararem, the ritual of dowry delivery in the Biak traditional wedding ceremony. During this procession, the groom’s family brings the hanging plate along with other items, accompanied by traditional dances and songs, to the bride’s family home. This tradition not only strengthens the bond between families but also symbolizes the union of two families in a sacred marriage.
Preserving Cultural Heritage
As time progresses and the world continues to evolve with technological advancements, the Biak people continue to preserve and maintain the tradition of the hanging plate. Preserving this cultural heritage is crucial so that future generations can continue to understand and appreciate the profound meaning of the hanging plate as a symbol of honor, wealth, and social bonds in the life of the Papuan people.
